{"id":545,"date":"2026-03-04T20:22:23","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T17:22:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/?p=545"},"modified":"2026-03-04T20:22:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T17:22:26","slug":"seringi-spatiu-mort-redus-lds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/seringi-spatiu-mort-redus-lds\/","title":{"rendered":"Seringi cu spa\u021biu mort redus (LDS): eficien\u021b\u0103 \u00een dozare \u0219i reducerea pierderilor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Index<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#ce-este-spa\u021biul-mort-dead-space-la-o-seringa\">Ce este spa\u021biul mort (Dead Space) la o sering\u0103?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#tipuri-de-tehnologie-lds-cum-se-ob\u021bine\">Tipuri de tehnologie LDS: cum se ob\u021bine?<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#op\u021biunea-a-piston-cu-deplasare-pozitiva-varf-prelungit\">Op\u021biunea A: piston cu deplasare pozitiv\u0103 (v\u00e2rf prelungit)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#op\u021biunea-b-ac-integrat-fara-spa\u021biu-de-conexiune\">Op\u021biunea B: ac integrat (f\u0103r\u0103 spa\u021biu de conexiune)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#impact-economic-calculul-dozelor-in-plus\">Impact economic: calculul \u201edozelor \u00een plus\u201d<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#criterii-de-selec\u021bie-cand-este-obligatorie-o-seringa-lds\">Criterii de selec\u021bie: c\u00e2nd este \u201eobligatorie\u201d o sering\u0103 LDS?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#gre\u0219eli-frecvente-la-achizi\u021bia-lds\">Gre\u0219eli frecvente la achizi\u021bia LDS<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#concluzie-eficien\u021ba-\u0219i-disponibilitate\">Concluzie: eficien\u021b\u0103 \u0219i disponibilitate<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#surse-\u0219i-referin\u021be\">Surse \u0219i referin\u021be<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen managementul economic al farmaciei \u0219i al achizi\u021biilor spitalice\u0219ti, fiecare mililitru conteaz\u0103. C\u00e2nd lucr\u0103m cu medicamente cu cost ridicat (precum biologice, oncologice sau toxin\u0103 botulinic\u0103), reziduul aruncat la gunoi \u00een fiecare sering\u0103 de unic\u0103 folosin\u021b\u0103 reprezint\u0103 o pierdere financiar\u0103 \u201einvizibil\u0103\u201d, dar major\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aici tehnologia <strong>LDS (Low Dead Space)<\/strong> \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 mai fie o caracteristic\u0103 tehnic\u0103 op\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i devine un instrument de rentabilitate. De\u0219i \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/seringi-c7\"><strong>selec\u021bia noastr\u0103 de seringi<\/strong><\/a> analiz\u0103m mai mul\u021bi factori, ast\u0103zi ne concentr\u0103m exclusiv pe modul \u00een care designul conului \u0219i al pistonului te poate ajuta s\u0103 ob\u021bii \u201edoze \u00een plus\u201d din flacoane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceast\u0103 eficien\u021b\u0103 este vizibil\u0103 mai ales \u00een cazul flacoanelor multidoz\u0103, unde produc\u0103torii includ adesea un mic surplus de volum (overfill) pentru a compensa pierderile standard. Utilizarea tehnologiei LDS permite transformarea acestui surplus, care \u00een mod normal este irosit, \u00eentr-o doz\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 utilizabil\u0103, optimiz\u00e2nd astfel costul real per pacient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-este-spa\u021biul-mort-dead-space-la-o-seringa\"><strong>Ce este spa\u021biul mort (Dead Space) la o sering\u0103?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Din punct de vedere tehnic, \u201espa\u021biul mort\u201d este volumul de lichid care r\u0103m\u00e2ne prins \u00een dispozitiv <em>dup\u0103<\/em> ce pistonul a fost \u00eempins p\u00e2n\u0103 la cap\u0103t. Nu este aer, ci medicament pl\u0103tit care nu ajunge la pacient. Acest reziduu se acumuleaz\u0103 \u00een principal \u00een dou\u0103 zone: <a href=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/conexiuni-luer\/\"><strong>conexiunea conului Luer<\/strong><\/a> \u0219i interiorul canulei acului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Standardul <strong>SR EN ISO 7886-1:2018<\/strong> define\u0219te limitele maxime admise pentru spa\u021biul mort, \u00eens\u0103 diferen\u021bele de design pot oferi performan\u021be variabile:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sering\u0103 standard (High Dead Space):<\/strong> poate re\u021bine \u00eentre <strong>0,07 ml \u0219i 0,09 ml<\/strong> reziduu. La un flacon de 10 doze, po\u021bi ajunge s\u0103 irose\u0219ti aproape 1 ml \u00eentreg (o doz\u0103 complet\u0103).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sering\u0103 LDS (Low Dead Space):<\/strong> designul intern reduce volumul rezidual la niveluri minime, adesea sub <strong>0,03 ml<\/strong> sau chiar mai pu\u021bin la modelele cu ac fix.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este important de re\u021binut c\u0103 v\u00e2scozitatea \u0219i tensiunea superficial\u0103 a medicamentului influen\u021beaz\u0103 direct volumul rezidual real. \u00cen cazul solu\u021biilor uleioase sau al suspensiilor dense, lichidul ader\u0103 mai puternic la pere\u021bii interni ai conului Luer standard, ceea ce face ca pierderile reale s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 adesea estim\u0103rile teoretice ale produc\u0103torului dac\u0103 nu se utilizeaz\u0103 tehnologia LDS.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"2048\" src=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/lds.webp\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"object-fit:cover;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tipuri-de-tehnologie-lds-cum-se-ob\u021bine\"><strong>Tipuri de tehnologie LDS: cum se ob\u021bine?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru a minimiza volumul rezidual re\u021binut, produc\u0103torii folosesc dou\u0103 solu\u021bii principale de inginerie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"op\u021biunea-a-piston-cu-deplasare-pozitiva-varf-prelungit\"><strong>Op\u021biunea A: piston cu deplasare pozitiv\u0103 (v\u00e2rf prelungit)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este cea mai comun\u0103 solu\u021bie pentru seringi f\u0103r\u0103 ac. Garnitura din elastomer are o proeminen\u021b\u0103 (un \u201epinten\u201d central) care p\u0103trunde \u00een g\u00e2tul seringii la finalul inject\u0103rii, for\u021b\u00e2nd evacuarea lichidului care, \u00een mod normal, ar r\u0103m\u00e2ne acolo. Acest design ofer\u0103 o flexibilitate clinic\u0103 ridicat\u0103, permi\u021b\u00e2nd medicului s\u0103 aleag\u0103 acul cu lungimea \u0219i diametrul (G) potrivite procedurii, f\u0103r\u0103 a sacrifica randamentul dozei. Este solu\u021bia standard \u00een tratamentele oncologice sau estetice, unde precizia milimetric\u0103 trebuie combinat\u0103 cu necesitatea schimb\u0103rii acului \u00eentre etapa de extragere \u0219i cea de injectare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"op\u021biunea-b-ac-integrat-fara-spa\u021biu-de-conexiune\"><strong>Op\u021biunea B: ac integrat (f\u0103r\u0103 spa\u021biu de conexiune)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prin eliminarea conexiunii demontabile (filet Luer) \u0219i fixarea acului direct pe corpul seringii, se minimizeaz\u0103 spa\u021biul fizic \u00een care se acumuleaz\u0103 fluidul. Este frecvent la seringi reglementate prin SR EN ISO 8537 (de ex., cele pentru insulin\u0103), concepute pentru<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=\/blog\/medidas-jeringas-ml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <\/a><strong>precizie la volume mici<\/strong>. Din punct de vedere normativ, certificarea conform <strong>MDR (UE) 2017\/745<\/strong> este esen\u021bial\u0103 aici nu doar pentru dispozitiv, ci \u0219i pentru integritatea amestecului. Aceasta garanteaz\u0103 c\u0103 adezivii de fixare a acului \u0219i elastomerul pistonului sunt iner\u021bi chimic, elimin\u00e2nd riscul ca substan\u021bele active (adesea sensibile la pH sau solven\u021bi) s\u0103 interac\u021bioneze cu materialele de asamblare \u00een timpul inject\u0103rii sub presiune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\/A3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"impact-economic-calculul-dozelor-in-plus\"><strong>Impact economic: calculul \u201edozelor \u00een plus\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Supracostul unitar al unei seringi LDS este marginal comparativ cu valoarea medicamentului pe care \u00eel recupereaz\u0103. Argumentul pentru departamentul de achizi\u021bii este pur matematic: <strong>maximizarea randamentului flaconului (Yield).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Tip de sering\u0103<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Reziduu per injec\u021bie<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Pierdere la 100 injec\u021bii<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Impact \u00een flacon multidoz\u0103<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Standard<\/strong><\/td><td>~0,08 ml<\/td><td>~8 ml (aproape un flacon \u00eentreg!)<\/td><td>Pierzi ultima doz\u0103 (\u201erestul de pe fund\u201d).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>LDS (volum redus)<\/strong><\/td><td>~0,02 ml<\/td><td>~2 ml<\/td><td><strong>Faciliteaz\u0103 extragerea unei doze suplimentare.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen campanii de vaccinare \u00een mas\u0103 sau tratamente cronice cu cost ridicat, implementarea LDS poate optimiza utilizarea flaconului, reduc\u00e2nd poten\u021bial necesarul de achizi\u021bie de medicament cu 10\u201315%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eficien\u021ba economic\u0103 este sus\u021binut\u0103 \u0219i de calibrarea scalei gradate; la seringile LDS, volumul indicat pe cilindru ia deja \u00een calcul prezen\u021ba &#8216;pintenului&#8217; de pe piston. Acest lucru asigur\u0103 c\u0103 doza extras\u0103 este exact cea afi\u0219at\u0103, elimin\u00e2nd nevoia asistentului de a &#8216;suplimenta&#8217; vizual volumul pentru a compensa pierderile din con, o practic\u0103 riscant\u0103 care poate duce la erori de dozare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"criterii-de-selec\u021bie-cand-este-obligatorie-o-seringa-lds\"><strong>Criterii de selec\u021bie: c\u00e2nd este \u201eobligatorie\u201d o sering\u0103 LDS?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu toate interven\u021biile justific\u0103 o sering\u0103 cu eficien\u021b\u0103 maxim\u0103. Segmenteaz\u0103 achizi\u021bia \u00een func\u021bie de valoarea lichidului:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Utilizare prioritar\u0103 (cost\/risc ridicat):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Medicamente biologice \u0219i oncologice:<\/strong> costul per ml este foarte mare; costul LDS se poate amortiza chiar din prima doz\u0103 recuperat\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Neonatologie:<\/strong> la doze de 0,1 ml, risipa propor\u021bional\u0103 este uria\u0219\u0103. \u00cen plus, seringile LDS vin adesea cu scale mai detaliate, reduc\u00e2nd erorile de dozare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Medicin\u0103 estetic\u0103 (toxina botulinic\u0103\/acid hialuronic):<\/strong> fiecare pic\u0103tur\u0103 se traduce direct \u00een marj\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Op\u021bional \/ neesen\u021bial:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sp\u0103l\u0103ri (flushing) \u0219i reconstituire\/dilu\u021bie:<\/strong> pentru ser fiziologic sau ap\u0103 pentru preparate injectabile, reziduul este economic neglijabil. Folose\u0219te seringi standard din 2 sau 3 componente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen Neonatologie \u0219i Pediatrie, utilizarea LDS are o dubl\u0103 valen\u021b\u0103: pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 economie, aceasta elimin\u0103 riscul form\u0103rii bulelor de aer \u201eascunse\u201d \u00een conul seringii. \u00centr-o sering\u0103 standard, volumul rezidual favorizeaz\u0103 captarea aerului \u00een hub, ceea ce la volume de injectare de 0,1 &#8211; 0,2 ml poate compromite acurate\u021bea \u00eentregii doze \u0219i siguran\u021ba vascular\u0103 a pacientului vulnerabil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gre\u0219eli-frecvente-la-achizi\u021bia-lds\"><strong>Gre\u0219eli frecvente la achizi\u021bia LDS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Implementarea acestor seringi necesit\u0103 aten\u021bie la c\u00e2teva detalii opera\u021bionale:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Incompatibilitatea acelor (mit fals):<\/strong> seringile LDS cu conexiune Luer sunt compatibile cu conexiunile standard conform SR EN ISO 80369-7. Totu\u0219i, pentru efect maxim, se recomand\u0103 combinarea cu <strong>ace cu volum rezidual redus<\/strong>, proiectate s\u0103 minimizeze spa\u021biul din butucul (hub-ul) acului.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Schimbarea acului dup\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcare:<\/strong> dac\u0103 protocolul unit\u0103\u021bii impune utilizarea unui ac de extragere \u0219i a unui alt ac pentru injectare (pentru a p\u0103stra ascu\u021bimea bizoului sau pentru sterilitate), o sering\u0103 cu ac fix devine inaplicabil\u0103. \u00cen aceste cazuri, solu\u021bia optim\u0103 nu este acul fix, ci seringa LDS cu piston cu deplasare pozitiv\u0103 (Op\u021biunea A) utilizat\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu ace cu volum rezidual redus. Aceast\u0103 combina\u021bie permite respectarea protocolului de schimbare a acului, minimiz\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp pierderea de substan\u021b\u0103 care altfel ar r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een \u201eg\u00e2tul\u201d seringii. Este esen\u021bial ca achizi\u021bia s\u0103 valideze dac\u0103 protocolul sec\u021biei permite extragerea \u0219i injectarea cu acela\u0219i ac \u00eenainte de a opta pentru varianta cu ac fix, mult mai restrictiv\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Confuzie vizual\u0103:<\/strong> \u201ev\u00e2rful\u201d pistonului poate p\u0103rea neobi\u0219nuit personalului nefamiliarizat. Este esen\u021bial ca asistentele s\u0103 \u0219tie c\u0103 nu este un defect, ci un mecanism de economisire \u0219i c\u0103 <strong>nu<\/strong> afecteaz\u0103 citirea scalei gradate (<strong>zero-ul este calibrat \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de aceast\u0103 deplasare<\/strong>). Mai mult, designul este astfel conceput \u00eenc\u00e2t pintenul s\u0103 nu blocheze mecanic fluxul, asigur\u00e2nd o evacuare complet\u0103 \u0219i uniform\u0103 a dozei p\u00e2n\u0103 la ultima pic\u0103tur\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"concluzie-eficien\u021ba-\u0219i-disponibilitate\"><strong>Concluzie: eficien\u021b\u0103 \u0219i disponibilitate<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seringa cu spa\u021biu mort redus nu este un lux tehnic, ci un instrument de management al resurselor. Permite tratarea mai multor pacien\u021bi cu acelea\u0219i flacoane \u0219i sus\u021bine precizia doz\u0103rii \u00een popula\u021bii vulnerabile, \u00een limitele de toleran\u021b\u0103 ale standardelor aplicabile. Din punct de vedere administrativ, succesul implement\u0103rii tehnologiei LDS se reflect\u0103 direct \u00een raportul de consum al farmaciei: o sc\u0103dere a necesarului de flacoane comandate pentru acela\u0219i num\u0103r de pacien\u021bi trata\u021bi. Aceast\u0103 recuperare de substan\u021b\u0103 transform\u0103 achizi\u021bia \u00eentr-o investi\u021bie care se autofinan\u021beaz\u0103, unde costul seringii este absorbit rapid de valoarea medicamentelor salvate de la risip\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 gestionezi stocuri de medicamente critice, trecerea la LDS este o decizie financiar\u0103 inteligent\u0103 \u0219i imediat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vrei s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi maximizezi resursele?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po\u021bi <a href=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/seringi-c7\"><strong>cump\u0103ra seringi LDS<\/strong><\/a> dedicate vaccin\u0103rii \u0219i farmaciei spitalice\u0219ti din catalogul nostru profesional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"surse-\u0219i-referin\u021be\"><strong>Surse \u0219i referin\u021be<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Normative \u0219i standarde<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/64790.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 7886-1:2017 \u2014 Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use \u2014 Part 1<\/a> Include cerin\u021be \u0219i metoda pentru determinarea \u201espa\u021biului mort\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/RO\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32017R0745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulamentul (UE) 2017\/745 (MDR)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/magazin.asro.ro\/ro\/standard\/276325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SR EN ISO 80369-7:2021 (ASRO) \u2014 Conectori Luer<\/a> Compatibilitatea conexiunilor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/magazin.asro.ro\/ro\/standard\/246686\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SR EN ISO 8537:2016 (ASRO) \u2014 Seringi pentru insulin\u0103<\/a> Ac fix, volume mici; include testarea \u201espa\u021biului mort\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dovezi directe privind pierderile \u0219i costurile<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamainternalmedicine\/fullarticle\/2526667\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JAMA Internal Medicine (2016) \u2014 Cost of Injectable Medication Waste Attributable to Syringe Dead Space<\/a> Costul de\u0219eurilor de medicamente injectabile atribuibil spa\u021biului mort al seringii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32688397\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PubMed (2020) \u2014 The Association between Needle Size and Waste Product<\/a> Cost\/pierdere din cauza \u201espa\u021biului mort\u201d la toxina botulinic\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/29166305\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Europe PMC (2018) \u2014 Botulinum Toxin Therapy: Is Syringe Type Related to Cost<\/a> Compara\u021bia seringilor \u0219i efectul economic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Precizie \u0219i volum rezidual<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34059461\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PubMed (2021) \u2014 Variation in syringes and needles dead space. Compared to ISO 7886-1:2018<\/a> Varia\u021bia spa\u021biului mort la seringi \u0219i ace comparativ cu ISO 7886-1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6452381\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PubMed Central (2017) \u2014 Accuracy of intravenous and enteral preparations involving<\/a> Spa\u021biu mort \u0219i erori de dozare \u00een pediatrie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10810777\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PubMed Central (2023) \u2014 Accuracy and residual volume of intravitreal injection syringes<\/a> Volume foarte mici + volum rezidual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Declinarea responsabilit\u0103\u021bii: Con\u021binut orientat spre eficien\u021ba produsului \u0219i gestionarea achizi\u021biilor B2B. Nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te protocoalele clinice sau sfatul medicului. Respecta\u021bi \u00eentotdeauna IFU produc\u0103torului \u0219i reglement\u0103rile \u00een vigoare.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vizita\u021bi magazinul nostru <a href=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/\">Zenovo<\/a><\/p>\n<style>\r\n\r\n        .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n            \r\n            margin-top: 40px;\nmargin-bottom: 30px;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n            \r\n            \r\n\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-container{\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-double{\r\n            width: 48%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n            width: 32%;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n            display: flex;\r\n            justify-content: space-between;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n            width: calc(25% - 20px);\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n            \r\n            max-width: 150px;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item img{\r\n            max-width: 100%;\r\n            height: auto;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item.lwrp-empty-list-item{\r\n            background: initial !important;\r\n        }\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n        .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n            \r\n                \r\n        }\r\n        @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {\r\n            .lwrp.link-whisper-related-posts{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-title{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-description{\r\n                \r\n                \r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container{\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-multi-container ul.lwrp-list{\r\n                margin-top: 0px;\r\n                margin-bottom: 0px;\r\n                padding-top: 0px;\r\n                padding-bottom: 0px;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-double,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-triple{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container{\r\n                justify-content: initial;\r\n                flex-direction: column;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-row-container .lwrp-list-item{\r\n                width: 100%;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item:not(.lwrp-no-posts-message-item){\r\n                \r\n                max-width: initial;\r\n            }\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-link .lwrp-list-link-title-text,\r\n            .lwrp .lwrp-list-item .lwrp-list-no-posts-message{\r\n                \r\n                    \r\n            }\r\n        }<\/style>\r\n<div id=\"link-whisper-related-posts-widget\" class=\"link-whisper-related-posts lwrp\">\r\n            <h3 class=\"lwrp-title\">Publica\u021bii conexe<\/h3>    \r\n        <div class=\"lwrp-list-container\">\r\n                                <div class=\"lwrp-list lwrp-list-row-container lwrp-list-single-row\">\r\n                <div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/istoria-si-evolutia-manusilor-din-nitril\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"291\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image.png\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Istoria \u0219i evolu\u021bia m\u0103nu\u0219ilor din nitril<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/seringi-din-2-vs-3-componente\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/seringi-2-vs-3-parti-diferenta-piston-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Seringi din 2 vs 3 componente<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/manusi-de-nitril-vs-latex-vs-vinil\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/4-480x480.png\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">M\u0103nu\u0219i de nitril vs latex vs vinil<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/reducerea-riscurilor-conectori-ati-escare\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/cateter-venos-central-iso-80369-7.webp\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Reducerea riscurilor conectori \u00een ATI: siguran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i prevenirea escarelor<\/span><\/a><\/div>                <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen managementul economic al farmaciei \u0219i al achizi\u021biilor spitalice\u0219ti, fiecare mililitru conteaz\u0103. C\u00e2nd lucr\u0103m cu medicamente cu cost ridicat (precum biologice, oncologice sau toxin\u0103 botulinic\u0103), reziduul aruncat la gunoi \u00een fiecare sering\u0103 de unic\u0103 folosin\u021b\u0103 reprezint\u0103 o pierdere financiar\u0103 \u201einvizibil\u0103\u201d, dar major\u0103. Aici tehnologia LDS (Low Dead Space) \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 mai fie o caracteristic\u0103 tehnic\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":548,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-seringii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=545"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":551,"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545\/revisions\/551"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/548"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zenovo.ro\/articole\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}